Definition
Stretch marks are red, whitish, or purple streaks in the skin. Stretch marks are most often associated with pregnancy or other periods of rapid weight gain. They may also be associated with conditions such as Cushing's syndrome, adrenal gland disease, or Marfan syndrome.
Stretch marks usually become less noticeable over time. Certain treatments may also help decrease their appearance.
Causes
Stretch marks occur when skin is stretched. The elastic fibers just below the skin tear. This tear leaves streaks of indented skin. The stretch marks may appear red or purple and eventually turn whitish in color. The elastic fibers are also weakened by hormones such as cortisone. The hormones are present during pregnancy, with rapid weight gain, or certain medical conditions. Certain medications may also raise your cortisone.
Risk Factors
Factors that may increase your chance of stretch marks include:
- Gender: female
- Family history of stretch marks
- Pregnancy
- Being overweight or obese
- Rapidly gaining or losing weight
- Using corticosteroid medicines
- Certain medical conditions, such as adrenal gland disorders
Symptoms
Stretch marks are red or purple streaks that are slightly indented. They are most common on the stomach, thighs, buttocks, and breasts but may also occur in other areas. The stretched skin may also be dry or itchy.
Diagnosis
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.
If the cause of stretch marks is not obvious your doctor may look for other causes. These tests may include:
- Blood tests for cortisol levels
- Imaging studies
Treatment
Most stretch marks fade over time without treatment. Some people may want faster results or deeper fading of stretch marks. In general, the current treatments are limited and unsatisfactory.
Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Factors that will affect your treatment options include:
- Age of stretch marks
- Convenience of treatment—may require multiple sessions
- Cost—usually not covered by medical insurance
- Your expectations
Treatment options include the following:
Medicines
Tretinoin cream (Retin-A, Renova) may help to lessen the appearance of stretch marks. It is most effective on stretch marks that are less than six weeks old and still red or pink in color.
It should not be used during pregnancy.
Laser Therapy
Laser therapy can stimulate the growth of collagen and elastin. It may decrease the appearance of stretch marks.
- Pulsed dye laser therapy—may reduce the redness of new stretch marks. The laser may also alter skin color on darker skin tones.
- Nonablative fractional photothermolysis
- Excimer laser—best for older stretch marks. It may make the lighter color of the stretch marks match more closely in color to the skin around them.
Prevention
There are no proven methods for preventing stretch marks. Staying within recommended weight gain guidelines during pregnancy may help. If you are not pregnant, keeping your weight at normal levels is also a good idea.
Lotions have not been proven to prevent stretch marks. They may be helpful to moisturize and soothe itchiness.